{"id":13010,"date":"2026-06-20T12:26:08","date_gmt":"2026-06-20T12:26:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dev.iita.org\/news-item\/making-kenyan-maize-safe-from-deadly-aflatoxins\/"},"modified":"2026-06-20T12:26:08","modified_gmt":"2026-06-20T12:26:08","slug":"making-kenyan-maize-safe-from-deadly-aflatoxins","status":"publish","type":"news-item","link":"https:\/\/iita.org\/fr\/news-item\/making-kenyan-maize-safe-from-deadly-aflatoxins\/","title":{"rendered":"Making Kenyan maize safe from deadly aflatoxins"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Scientists offer a natural, safe,  and cost-effective solution to prevent future contamination of maize by the killer aflatoxin to secure the food  and income of millions of small-scale farmers in Kenya  and the rest of Africa.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kenya is again grappling with high levels of aflatoxin contamination that has rendered at least 2.3 million bags of maize unfit for human  and livestock consumption  and trade, to the dismay of the millions of small-scale farmers that depend on the crop for food  and income.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The contamination of the country\u2019s main staple with aflatoxin, a highly poisonous cancer-causing chemical produced by a fungus scientifically known as <em>Aspergillus flavus<\/em>, was a result of poor drying  and storage of the grain following heavy rainfall near harvest time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Although the situation is grim, it is not hopeless! Scientists have developed a cost-effective, safe,  and natural method to prevent aflatoxin formation in maize while in the field. The biocontrol technology works by introducing strains of the <em>A.flavus<\/em> fungus that do not produce the aflatoxin or \u2018the good guys,\u2019 in the affected fields, which, outcompete  and drastically reduce the population of the poison-producing strains or \u2018the bad guys\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dr Peter Cotty of the Agriculture Research Service of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA-ARS)  and Dr Ranajit B andyopadhyay, a plant pathologist with the Africa-based International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), have identified biocompetitive strains of the good fungus native to Kenya that can now be used to control aflatoxin contamination in the country.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">According to Dr B andyopadhyay, a single application of this biopesticide 2-3 weeks before maize flowering is sufficient to prevent aflatoxin contamination throughout  and beyond a cropping season  and even when the grains are in storage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201c<em>A. flavus<\/em> strains are either toxigenic (produce aflatoxin) or atoxigenic (do not produce aflatoxin). Our biocontrol technology makes use of carefully selected atoxigenic strains that can safely outcompete  and virtually eliminate their toxic relative, effectively reducing contamination of the maize grains in fields,\u201d said Dr B andyopadhyay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">He says that the technology\u2019s ability to continue working even when the grain is in storage ensures the safety of maize from aflatoxin contamination. \u201cThese atoxigenic strains are also carried in the grains from the field to the stores. So, even if the grains are not stored properly or get wet during or after harvest, as is happening this year, they continue to prevent aflatoxin contamination during the postharvest period,\u201d said Dr B andyopadhyay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aflatoxin is a silent killer that causes liver cancer  and suppresses the immune system. It also retards growth  and development of children. People exposed to very high aflatoxin concentrations experience liver failure  and rapid death. From 2004 to 2006, nearly 200 unsuspecting people in Kenya died in this manner after eating highly contaminated maize. Aflatoxin is a colorless chemical that is invisible  and only laboratory tests can confirm its presence  and contamination levels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kenya is one of the world\u2019s hotspots for aflatoxin. Research performed by one of Dr Cotty\u2019s graduate students, Claudia Probst, has shown that in areas where aflatoxin is a persistent  and serious problem, there is a very high occurrence of one of the most toxic strains of <em>A. flavus<\/em> in the world, the S strain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">According to Dr Cotty, the S strain produces very high levels of aflatoxins  and dominates in regions where contamination is very high, including some areas of the US. In Africa, this S strain has been only found to be dominant in the severely affected regions of Kenya. In the US, biocontrol with atoxigenics has successfully reduced its contamination.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In Nigeria, IITA has obtained provisional registration of the technology under the name Alfasafe&#x2122;, a mixture of four atoxigenic strains of Nigerian origin. In 2009, maize farmers in Nigeria were able to reduce aflatoxin contamination by 80% by broadcasting 10 kg\/ha Aflasafe&#x2122; 2-3 weeks before maize flowering.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Research has shown that Aflasafe&#x2122; treatments provide long-term benefits  and that Aflasafe&#x2122; may not need to be applied every year. IITA, in partnership with the Nigerian government  and the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), is working on obtaining full registration  and identifying an entity that would mass manufacture, market,  and distribute Aflasafe&#x2122; in Nigeria to save the health  and income of millions of families.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The researchers are now calling upon the government  and the private sector in Kenya to partner with them  and make this biocontrol option  and other management practices available to the farmers to save their much-needed harvests from future aflatoxin contamination.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Institutions involved in the initiative include IITA, USDA-ARS, African Agricultural Technology Foundation (AATF),  and local partners.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">###<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For more details, please contact:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ranajit B andyopadhyay, <a>r.b andyopadhyay@cgiar.org<\/a><br>IITA Plant Pathologist<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Peter Cotty, <a>pjcotty@email.arizona.edu<\/a><br>Agriculture Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture ( USDA-ARS), School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jacob D.H. Mignouna, <a>h.mignouna@aatf-africa.org<\/a><br>Director, Technical Operations<br>African Agricultural Technology Foundation (AATF)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Catherine Njuguna, <a>c.njuguna@cigar.org<\/a><br>Corporate Communications Officer (East &amp; Southern Africa) IITA-Tanzania<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Katherine Lopez, <a>k.lopez@cgiar.org<\/a><br>Communications  and Publications Manager<br>Bureau de la communication<br>Si\u00e8ge de l'IITA<br>Ibadan, Nig\u00e9ria<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jeffrey T. Oliver, <a>o.jeffrey@cgiar.org<\/a><br>Responsable de la communication d'entreprise<br>Bureau de la communication<br>Si\u00e8ge de l'IITA<br>Ibadan, Nig\u00e9ria<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><b>\u00c0 propos de l'IITA<\/b> (<a href=\"https:\/\/iita.org\/fr\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.iita.org<\/a>)<br>L'Afrique fait face \u00e0 des probl\u00e8mes complexes qui p\u00e8sent sur l'agriculture et la vie des populations. Nous d\u00e9veloppons des solutions agricoles avec nos partenaires pour lutter contre la faim et la pauvret\u00e9. Nos recherches pour le d\u00e9veloppement (R4D), maintes fois r\u00e9compens\u00e9es, reposent sur une r\u00e9flexion cibl\u00e9e et autoris\u00e9e, ancr\u00e9e dans les besoins de d\u00e9veloppement de l'Afrique subsaharienne. Nous collaborons avec des partenaires en Afrique et au-del\u00e0 pour r\u00e9duire les risques pour les producteurs et les consommateurs, am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 et la productivit\u00e9 des cultures, et g\u00e9n\u00e9rer de la richesse gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l'agriculture. L'IITA est une organisation internationale de R4D \u00e0 but non lucratif cr\u00e9\u00e9e en 1967, r\u00e9gie par un Conseil d'administration et soutenue principalement par le CGIAR.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><b>About ARS-USDA<\/b> (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ars.usda.gov\/main\/main.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.ars.usda.gov\/main\/main.htm<\/a>)<br>ARS is the principal intramural scientific research agency of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). This research supports the USDA priority of promoting international food security.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><b>About AATF<\/b> (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.aatf-africa.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.aatf-africa.org<\/a>)<br>AATF is an African-led charity designed to facilitate  and promote public\/private partnerships for the access  and delivery of appropriate proprietary technologies with potential to increase the productivity of resource-poor smallholder farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Scientists offer a natural, safe, and cost-effective solution to prevent future contamination of maize by the killer aflatoxin to secure the food and income of millions of small-scale farmers in Kenya and the rest of Africa&#8230;<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":12751,"template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}}},"tags":[],"science-area":[],"program":[],"location":[28],"news-type":[],"hub":[],"crop":[68],"impact-areas":[],"item-year":[188],"class_list":["post-13010","news-item","type-news-item","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","location-kenya","crop-maize","item-year-188"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - 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