{"id":13129,"date":"2026-06-20T12:26:26","date_gmt":"2026-06-20T12:26:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dev.iita.org\/news-item\/researchers-successfully-grow-seed-yams-in-the-air\/"},"modified":"2026-06-20T12:26:26","modified_gmt":"2026-06-20T12:26:26","slug":"researchers-successfully-grow-seed-yams-in-the-air","status":"publish","type":"news-item","link":"https:\/\/iita.org\/fr\/news-item\/researchers-successfully-grow-seed-yams-in-the-air\/","title":{"rendered":"Des chercheurs r\u00e9ussissent \u00e0 cultiver des semences d'igname dans l'air"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Image\"<\/a>
Premi\u00e8re plantation en a\u00e9roponie avec des plantules pr\u00e9-enracin\u00e9es et des boutures de vigne fra\u00eeches directes.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des chercheurs de l'Institut international d'agriculture tropicale (IITA) ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 cultiver des ignames de semence en suspension dans l'air gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la technologie de l'a\u00e9roponie, suscitant de l'espoir et offrant de nouvelles options pour la propagation de mat\u00e9riel de plantation exempt de virus et de maladies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lors d'essais pr\u00e9liminaires, le Dr Norbert Maroya, chef de projet pour l'initiative d'am\u00e9lioration de l'igname pour les revenus et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire en Afrique de l'Ouest (YIIFSWA) \u00e0 l'IITA, en collaboration avec une \u00e9quipe de chercheurs, a r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 multiplier l'igname en plantant directement des boutures de lianes dans des bacs de syst\u00e8me a\u00e9roponique (AS) pour produire des mini-tubercules en suspension.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le syst\u00e8me a\u00e9roponique est le processus de culture de plantes dans un environnement a\u00e9rien ou de brume sans l'utilisation de sol ou de milieu agr\u00e9g\u00e9. Cette technologie est largement utilis\u00e9e par les producteurs commerciaux de semences de pommes de terre en Afrique de l'Est (Kenya, Ouganda, Tanzanie, etc.) et en Afrique australe (Mozambique, Malawi, etc.), mais la culture r\u00e9ussie de l'igname en a\u00e9roponie est une nouveaut\u00e9 pour multiplier rapidement en grande quantit\u00e9 les tubercules de semences d'igname saines si n\u00e9cessaires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Avec cette approche, nous sommes optimistes quant au fait que les agriculteurs commenceront \u00e0 disposer de semences d'igname propres pour de meilleures r\u00e9coltes \u201d, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 vendredi le Dr Maroya.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les r\u00e9sultats pr\u00e9liminaires ont montr\u00e9 que le taux de r\u00e9ussite de l'enracinement des vignes dans le syst\u00e8me a\u00e9roponique \u00e9tait d'au moins 95%, contre un taux maximal de 70% pour l'enracinement dans des cosses de riz carbonis\u00e9es. Le temps d'enracinement \u00e9tait nettement plus court en a\u00e9roponie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'a\u00e9roponie arrive \u00e0 point nomm\u00e9 pour les agriculteurs africains. Traditionnellement, la production de plants d'igname est co\u00fbteuse et peu efficace. Les agriculteurs mettent de c\u00f4t\u00e9 environ 25 \u00e0 30% de leur r\u00e9colte pour replanter la m\u00eame superficie la saison suivante, ce qui r\u00e9duit d'autant leurs revenus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

De plus, ces semences conserv\u00e9es sont souvent infest\u00e9es d'agents pathog\u00e8nes qui r\u00e9duisent consid\u00e9rablement le rendement des agriculteurs ann\u00e9e apr\u00e8s ann\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me d'a\u00e9roponie \u00e9tabli pour la multiplication de semences d'igname dans les locaux d'un investisseur priv\u00e9 int\u00e9ress\u00e9, d'une entreprise semenci\u00e8re ou d'une organisation non gouvernementale humanitaire, les producteurs d'ignames peuvent avoir acc\u00e8s \u00e0 des semences d'igname saines. Le syst\u00e8me de multiplication de l'igname hors-sol augmentera la productivit\u00e9 des semences et des ignames de consommation et r\u00e9duira efficacement l'incidence et la gravit\u00e9 des maladies et des ravageurs (pas de ravageurs ni de maladies d'origine tellurique ou transmis par des vecteurs pendant la phase v\u00e9g\u00e9tative).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le Dr Robert Asiedu, directeur de l'IITA pour l'Afrique de l'Ouest, a qualifi\u00e9 les r\u00e9sultats \u201c d'impressionnants \u201d.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c L'igname est une culture importante en Afrique et s'attaquer au probl\u00e8me des semences contribuera grandement \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer les moyens de subsistance des agriculteurs qui en d\u00e9pendent pour vivre \u2019, a-t-il ajout\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour mener cet essai d\u2019a\u00e9roponie, une structure sp\u00e9ciale a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite dans une serre \u00e0 grillage existante, \u00e0 l\u2019aide de cadres d\u2019\u00e9tag\u00e8res Dixon et de caisses en polystyr\u00e8ne perfor\u00e9 servant de support aux tiges des plantes, tandis que les racines en d\u00e9veloppement des plantes, cultiv\u00e9es en suspension dans l\u2019air, \u00e9taient maintenues dans des conditions d\u2019obscurit\u00e9 totale afin de simuler l\u2019environnement du sol au niveau des racines. Pour permettre le d\u00e9veloppement des plantes et des tubercules, un syst\u00e8me automatis\u00e9 a \u00e9t\u00e9 mis en place afin de pulv\u00e9riser p\u00e9riodiquement, sous forme de brume, une solution aqueuse enrichie en nutriments destin\u00e9e \u00e0 nourrir les plantes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour plus d'informations, veuillez contacter :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Godwin Atser, g.atser@cgiar.org<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Robert Asiedu, r.asiedu@cgiar.org<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Norbert Maroya, n.maroya@cgiar.org<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Researchers at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) have successfully grown seed yams in the air using aeroponics technology, raising hopes and more options for the propagation of virus- and disease-free planting materials…<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}}},"tags":[],"science-area":[],"program":[],"location":[],"news-type":[],"hub":[],"crop":[71],"impact-areas":[],"item-year":[191],"class_list":["post-13129","news-item","type-news-item","status-publish","hentry","crop-yam","item-year-191"],"yoast_head":"\nResearchers successfully grow seed yams in the air - 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