{"id":13788,"date":"2026-06-20T12:30:22","date_gmt":"2026-06-20T12:30:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dev.iita.org\/news-item\/banana-hybrids-can-more-than-double-the-yield-of-best-parents\/"},"modified":"2026-06-29T21:36:35","modified_gmt":"2026-06-29T21:36:35","slug":"banana-hybrids-can-more-than-double-the-yield-of-best-parents","status":"publish","type":"news-item","link":"https:\/\/iita.org\/fr\/news-item\/banana-hybrids-can-more-than-double-the-yield-of-best-parents\/","title":{"rendered":"Les hybrides de bananiers peuvent plus que doubler le rendement des meilleurs parents"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les cultures hybrides sont cens\u00e9es avoir des rendements comestibles plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s que ceux de leurs parents, mais dans quelle mesure ? Une \u00e9quipe de chercheurs comparant les performances de la banane des hauts plateaux d'Afrique de l'Est, connue localement sous le nom de \u2018 Matooke \u2019, a d\u00e9couvert que certains hybrides pr\u00e9sentaient des poids de r\u00e9gime allant jusqu'\u00e0 deux fois et demie sup\u00e9rieurs \u00e0 ceux de leurs parents les plus performants ! Cette diff\u00e9rence de rendement significative est sans doute la plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e parmi les principales cultures vivri\u00e8res.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><figure id=\"attachment_21762\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-21762\" style=\"width: 858px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-21762\" src=\"https:\/\/iita.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/heterobeltiosis.jpg\" alt=\"Progressive heterobeltiosis for bunch weight in bred \u2018Matooke\u2019 banana hybrids (NARITAs). A: \u2018Entukura\u2019 (3x female grandparent), B: \u20181438K-1\u2019 (4x female parent) and C: \u2018NARITA 17\u2019 (3x hybrid)\" width=\"858\" height=\"662\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-21762\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">H\u00e9t\u00e9robeltiosis progressif pour le poids des r\u00e9gimes chez les hybrides de bananiers \u2018Matooke\u2019 am\u00e9lior\u00e9s (NARITAs). A : \u2018Entukura\u2019 (grand-parent femelle 3x), B : \u20181438K-1\u2019 (parent femelle 4x) et C : \u2018NARITA 17\u2019 (hybride 3x)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les scientifiques \u00e9tudiaient un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne connu sous le nom de \u201c h\u00e9t\u00e9robeltiosis \u201d, d\u00e9fini comme la performance d'un hybride sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 celle de son parent le plus performant. Les scientifiques voulaient identifier rapidement les parents ayant le plus de chances de produire une descendance dot\u00e9e d'un poids de r\u00e9gime et d'une stature sup\u00e9rieurs pour les programmes d'am\u00e9lioration du bananier. L'\u00e9tude a \u00e9valu\u00e9 l'h\u00e9t\u00e9robeltiosis concernant le poids des r\u00e9gimes et la taille d'hybrides \u2018 Matooke \u2019 crois\u00e9s connus sous le nom de <a href=\"https:\/\/iita.org\/fr\/news-item\/preliminary-results-narita-hybrids-trials-show-high-yield-potential-increase-banana-production\/\">Narita<\/a>qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9velopp\u00e9es par l'Organisation nationale de recherche agricole de l'Ouganda (NARO) et l'IITA apr\u00e8s 18 ann\u00e9es de recherche.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dans le cadre de cette \u00e9tude, la croissance et les rendements des vari\u00e9t\u00e9s NARITA ont \u00e9t\u00e9 suivis parall\u00e8lement \u00e0 ceux de leurs parents et grands-parents en Ouganda pendant 4 ans. Bien qu\u2019aucune diff\u00e9rence notable n\u2019ait \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9e en termes de hauteur, plus de la moiti\u00e9 des vari\u00e9t\u00e9s NARITA ont pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 un poids de grappe accru. L&#x27;h\u00e9t\u00e9robeltie la plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e en termes de poids des r\u00e9gimes a \u00e9t\u00e9 de 2 491 TP3T par rapport \u00e0 sa grand-m\u00e8re \u2018 Matooke \u2019 et de 1 361 TP3T par rapport \u00e0 son parent hybride t\u00e9traplo\u00efde primaire, pour le NARITA 17, un triplo\u00efde secondaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201c Une h\u00e9t\u00e9rob\u00e9liose aussi significative pour le poids du r\u00e9gime est, \u00e0 notre connaissance, la plus importante parmi les principales cultures vivri\u00e8res. \u00c9tant donn\u00e9 que les bananiers sont multipli\u00e9s v\u00e9g\u00e9tativement, l'effet de l'h\u00e9t\u00e9rob\u00e9liose est facilement fix\u00e9 chez les hybrides et ne sera pas perdu au fil du temps apr\u00e8s la commercialisation et la diffusion ult\u00e9rieure de ces hybrides \u201d, d\u00e9clare Michael Batte, chercheur associ\u00e9 sur le bananier \u00e0 l'Institut international d'agriculture tropicale (IITA) en Ouganda et auteur correspondant de l'\u00e9tude, publi\u00e9e dans l'article, <a href=\"https:\/\/bmcplantbiol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12870-020-02667-y\"><em>H\u00e9t\u00e9rob\u00e9liose progressive significative dans l'am\u00e9lioration g\u00e9n\u00e9tique du bananier<\/em><\/a><em>,<\/em> dans la revue BMC Plant Biology le 29 octobre 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En Ouganda, au moins 75% d\u2019agriculteurs cultivent des \u2018 matooke \u2019 et d\u2019autres vari\u00e9t\u00e9s de bananes sur une superficie estim\u00e9e \u00e0 38% de la superficie totale des terres cultiv\u00e9es. Cependant, la production a diminu\u00e9 au cours des trois derni\u00e8res d\u00e9cennies, principalement en raison de la baisse de la fertilit\u00e9 des sols, de la s\u00e9cheresse et des attaques d\u2019agents pathog\u00e8nes, tels que le fl\u00e9trissement bact\u00e9rien de la banane, la sigatoka noire ou la maladie des stries noires, et le fl\u00e9trissement fusarien ou maladie de Panama, ainsi que de ravageurs, notamment le charan\u00e7on de la banane ou le n\u00e9matode fouisseur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La s\u00e9lection de cultivars r\u00e9sistants constitue l'intervention la plus durable pour g\u00e9rer ces agents pathog\u00e8nes et ravageurs dans la r\u00e9gion des Grands Lacs d'Afrique et ailleurs. Cependant, l'am\u00e9lioration des bananiers est un processus long, dont la mise au point de nouveaux hybrides acceptables pour les consommateurs prend plus de deux d\u00e9cennies. Une s\u00e9lection efficace des parents poss\u00e9dant les caract\u00e8res n\u00e9cessaires pour produire des hybrides sup\u00e9rieurs dans un d\u00e9lai plus court serait donc hautement souhaitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cette \u00e9tude collaborative entre l'IITA et le <a href=\"https:\/\/www.slu.se\/en\/\">Universit\u00e9 su\u00e9doise des sciences agricoles (SLU)<\/a> a fourni une \u00e9tape tr\u00e8s importante dans la compr\u00e9hension de l'h\u00e9t\u00e9robelticiose, une caract\u00e9ristique qui aide \u00e0 s\u00e9lectionner du mat\u00e9riel de reproduction \u00e0 haute compl\u00e9mentarit\u00e9, augmentant ainsi l'efficacit\u00e9 de l'am\u00e9lioration des bananiers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le travail est soutenu par <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gatesfoundation.org\/\">Fondation Bill &amp; Melinda Gates<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cgiar.org\/funders\/\">Fonds CGIAR<\/a> et, en particulier, le <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rtb.cgiar.org\/\">Programme de recherche du CGIAR sur les racines, les tubercules et les bananes (CRP-RTB)<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Plus d'informations :<\/strong><br>Dans ceci <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=216JlNULWEQ&amp;feature=youtu.be\">vid\u00e9o<\/a>, le Dr Rony Swennen, explique comment ces hybrides NARITA ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s et l'avenir de l'am\u00e9lioration des bananiers d'altitude. C'\u00e9tait lors de la r\u00e9union annuelle de <a href=\"https:\/\/excellenceinbreeding.org\/\">Plateforme Excellence en mati\u00e8re d'am\u00e9lioration des plantes du CGIAR<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hybrid crops are expected to have higher edible yields than their parents, but by how much? A team of researchers comparing the performance of the East Africa Highland banana, locally known as \u2018Matooke\u2019, found that some hybrids had bunch weights that were up to two and a half times heavier than those of their best performing parents!<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":13789,"template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}}},"tags":[],"science-area":[],"program":[],"location":[47],"news-type":[],"hub":[62],"crop":[],"impact-areas":[],"item-year":[198],"class_list":["post-13788","news-item","type-news-item","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","location-uganda","hub-eastern-africa","item-year-198"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Banana hybrids can more than double the yield of best parents - IITA<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/iita.org\/fr\/news-item\/banana-hybrids-can-more-than-double-the-yield-of-best-parents\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Banana hybrids can more than double the yield of best parents - IITA\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Hybrid crops are expected to have higher edible yields than their parents, but by how much? 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