{"id":15203,"date":"2026-06-20T12:41:26","date_gmt":"2026-06-20T12:41:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dev.iita.org\/news-item\/scientists-develop-mini-core-collection-for-guinea-yam-germplasm\/"},"modified":"2026-06-29T20:44:41","modified_gmt":"2026-06-29T20:44:41","slug":"scientists-develop-mini-core-collection-for-guinea-yam-germplasm","status":"publish","type":"news-item","link":"https:\/\/iita.org\/fr\/news-item\/scientists-develop-mini-core-collection-for-guinea-yam-germplasm\/","title":{"rendered":"Des scientifiques d\u00e9veloppent une mini-collection de base pour le germoplasme de l'igname guin\u00e9enne"},"content":{"rendered":"

L'Afrique de l'Ouest repr\u00e9sentant<\/span>\u00a0Sur les 92% de la production mondiale annuelle d'ignames (67 millions de tonnes ; FAO, 2018), l'igname joue un<\/span>\u00a0signifie<\/span>r\u00f4le de la fourmi<\/span>\u00a0dans la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire et la g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de revenus de la r\u00e9gion. Bien que l'igname soit un nom commun pour les multiples esp\u00e8ces de cultures appartenant au genre\u00a0<\/span>Dioscorea<\/span><\/i>, largement cultiv\u00e9 comme culture de base dans les r\u00e9gions tropicales et subtropicales,\u00a0<\/span>Dioscorea<\/span><\/i>\u00a0<\/span><\/i>arrondie<\/span><\/i>\u00a0est l'esp\u00e8ce la plus cultiv\u00e9e de cette r\u00e9gion et repr\u00e9sente la majeure partie de la production d'ignames.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, les longs cycles de croissance, une floraison irr\u00e9guli\u00e8re ou absente et la dio\u00e9cie \u2014 la pr\u00e9sence de caract\u00e9ristiques \u00e0 la fois m\u00e2les et femelles \u2014 ont continu\u00e9 \u00e0 limiter<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>la recherche g\u00e9n\u00e9tique et l'\u00e9levage\u00a0<\/span>D.\u00a0<\/span><\/i>arrondie<\/span><\/i>. D'autres facteurs limitants majeurs \u00e9taient la floraison non synchrone des g\u00e9notypes parentaux et la pr\u00e9sence de chromosomes multiples.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>(polyplo\u00efdie), et des niveaux \u00e9lev\u00e9s persistants de\u00a0<\/span>formes diff\u00e9rentes d'un g\u00e8ne particulier<\/span>\u00a0(h\u00e9t\u00e9rozygotie<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Genetic
Structure g\u00e9n\u00e9tique de la collection de base de Dioscorea rotundata.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'augmentation de la productivit\u00e9 de l'igname en Afrique de l'Ouest par la s\u00e9lection n\u00e9cessite des techniques efficaces de ph\u00e9notypage et de g\u00e9notypage. Ces techniques permettent d'identifier des mat\u00e9riels pr\u00e9sentant divers caract\u00e8res cibles, tels qu'un rendement \u00e9lev\u00e9, une maturit\u00e9 pr\u00e9coce, ainsi qu'une taille et une forme de tubercules optimales. M\u00eame ainsi, l'analyse et l'utilisation de ressources g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques pr\u00e9sentant une large plage de variation jouent un r\u00f4le essentiel dans l'am\u00e9lioration g\u00e9n\u00e9tique des plantes cultiv\u00e9es.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un groupe de chercheurs de sept instituts internationaux, dont\u00a0<\/span>IITA<\/span><\/a>, a men\u00e9 une \u00e9tude pour d\u00e9velopper une mini-collection de base \u2014 qui r\u00e9duit la taille de la collection de base sans perdre le spectre de la diversit\u00e9 \u2014 \u00e0 partir d'une collection de base de 447\u00a0<\/span>D.\u00a0<\/span><\/i>arrondie<\/span><\/i>\u00a0accessions maintenues au\u00a0<\/span>IIT<\/span>Un Centre de Ressources G\u00e9n\u00e9tiques<\/span><\/a>. L'\u00e9tude a \u00e9valu\u00e9 la mini-collection de base ainsi que le mat\u00e9riel de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence d'igname existant \u2014 lign\u00e9es de s\u00e9lection et vari\u00e9t\u00e9s locales.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon\u00a0<\/span>l'\u00e9tude<\/span><\/a>, 90 marqueurs SSR pr\u00e9alablement d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s pour l'analyse de la diversit\u00e9 de l'igname \u00e0 partir d'une biblioth\u00e8que g\u00e9nomique enrichie en microsatellites d'igname jaune de Guin\u00e9e (<\/span>D.\u00a0<\/span><\/i>cayenensis<\/span><\/i>\u00a0Lam.<\/span><\/i>)<\/span><\/i>\u00a0ont fait l'objet d'un s\u00e9riage pr\u00e9alable sur 16 s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9s al\u00e9atoirement\u00a0<\/span>D.\u00a0<\/span><\/i>arrondie<\/span><\/i>\u00a0accessions de la collection de base pour identifier un ensemble de marqueurs polymorphiques \u2014 plusieurs variants de s\u00e9quence d'ADN \u2014 en vue d'un g\u00e9notypage ult\u00e9rieur.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Display
Pr\u00e9sentation de quelques vari\u00e9t\u00e9s d'igname blanche avec de la semence d'igname.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le\u00a0<\/span>chercheurs\u00a0<\/span>s\u00e9lectionner<\/span>\u00e9d le<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>accessions de la collection de base\u00a0<\/span>bas\u00e9 sur le\u00a0<\/span>la diversit\u00e9 du cluster<\/span>\u00a0tout en veillant \u00e0 ce que chaque groupe<\/span>\u2019les adh\u00e9sions<\/span>\u00a0\u00e9taient repr\u00e9sent\u00e9s dans la mini-collection de base.<\/span>\u00a0Ils ont en outre valid\u00e9 la mini-collection de base s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9e pour sa repr\u00e9sentation de la collection de base sur la base des origines g\u00e9ographiques des accessions.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien que la mini-collection de base s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9e ne couvre pas l'int\u00e9gralit\u00e9 de la diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9tique de\u00a0<\/span>D.\u00a0<\/span><\/i>arrondie<\/span><\/i>\u00a0en Afrique de l'Ouest, elle pr\u00e9sente une diversit\u00e9 consid\u00e9rable qui m\u00e9rite d'\u00eatre \u00e9tudi\u00e9e plus avant pour d\u00e9crypter la base g\u00e9n\u00e9tique des caract\u00e8res cl\u00e9s et am\u00e9liorer g\u00e9n\u00e9tiquement les ignames. C'est particuli\u00e8rement le cas pour les cultures locales d'importance r\u00e9gionale mais sous-\u00e9tudi\u00e9es, telles que l'igname en Afrique de l'Ouest et du Centre.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La mini-collection de base d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e pour\u00a0<\/span>D.\u00a0<\/span><\/i>arrondie<\/span><\/i>\u00a0de l'\u00e9tude repr\u00e9sente une ressource petite et facile \u00e0 utiliser qui est inestimable pour acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer les \u00e9tudes g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques et g\u00e9nomiques, y compris l'am\u00e9lioration de cette culture importante pour la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire sur le continent.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette \u00e9tude a \u00e9t\u00e9 men\u00e9e dans le cadre du projet intitul\u00e9 \u201c<\/span>Utilisation de l'information g\u00e9nomique et des outils mol\u00e9culaires pour la valorisation et l'am\u00e9lioration du mat\u00e9riel g\u00e9n\u00e9tique de l'igname en Afrique de l'Ouest (EDITS-Yam ; 2011-2015)<\/span><\/i>\u201dde la\u00a0<\/span>Centre international de recherche japonais pour les sciences agricoles<\/span><\/a>, en collaboration avec le\u00a0<\/span>Centre de recherche en biotechnologie d'Iwate<\/span><\/a>, IITA,\u00a0<\/span>Universit\u00e9 d'agriculture de Tokyo<\/span><\/a>,\u00a0<\/span>Universit\u00e9 Purdue<\/span><\/a>,\u00a0<\/span>Universit\u00e9 La Trobe<\/span><\/a>, et le\u00a0<\/span>Universit\u00e9 de Kyoto<\/span><\/a>, avec le soutien partiel de\u00a0<\/span>Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 japonaise pour la promotion de la science<\/span><\/a>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

With West Africa accounting for 92% of the world\u2019s annual yam production (67 million tons; FAO, 2018), yam plays a significant role in the region\u2019s food security and income generation<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":15207,"template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}}},"tags":[1219],"science-area":[],"program":[],"location":[32],"news-type":[],"hub":[61],"crop":[71],"impact-areas":[],"item-year":[199],"class_list":["post-15203","news-item","type-news-item","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","tag-discorea-rotundatadna-sequenceguineaiita-news-no-2572mini-corewhite-guinea-yamyam","location-nigeria","hub-western-africa","crop-yam","item-year-199"],"yoast_head":"\nScientists develop mini-core collection for guinea yam germplasm - 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