{"id":15276,"date":"2026-06-20T12:42:00","date_gmt":"2026-06-20T12:42:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dev.iita.org\/news-item\/study-identifies-banana-varieties-resistant-to-black-sigatoka-and-provides-further-insights-into-the-disease-pathogen\/"},"modified":"2026-06-29T20:39:48","modified_gmt":"2026-06-29T20:39:48","slug":"study-identifies-banana-varieties-resistant-to-black-sigatoka-and-provides-further-insights-into-the-disease-pathogen","status":"publish","type":"news-item","link":"https:\/\/iita.org\/fr\/news-item\/study-identifies-banana-varieties-resistant-to-black-sigatoka-and-provides-further-insights-into-the-disease-pathogen\/","title":{"rendered":"Study identifies banana varieties resistant to black Sigatoka and provides further insights into the disease pathogen"},"content":{"rendered":"Black leaf Sigatoka, one of the most widespread and damaging banana diseases\u2014causing yield losses of 20\u201350%\u2014is widespread in Uganda and Tanzania, posing a challenge to banana production as bananas grown in East Africa are susceptible to the disease.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\n\nH<\/span>owever,<\/span>\u00a0t<\/span>he good news is that five hybrids of East African Highland banana hybrids named NARITA, after their developers\u2014the\u00a0<\/span>National Agricultural Research Organisation (NARO)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0of Uganda and\u00a0<\/span>IITA<\/span><\/a>\u2014<\/span>ar<\/span>e resistant to the deadly disease.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\n\n
\"Njeri
Njeri explaining her research in the green house to a project partner during an annual meeting of the Breeding Better Banana project<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\nThese are among the key findings of a four-year comprehensive study on sustainable ways to control black leaf Sigatoka in Uganda and Tanzania conducted by Janet Njeri\u00a0Kimunye\u00a0as part of her PhD studies at<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Stellenbosch University<\/span><\/a>\u00a0c<\/span>arried out<\/span>\u00a0under the IITA project\u00a0<\/span>Improvement of banana for smallholder farmers in the Great Lakes region of Africa<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(Breeding Better Bananas) funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\n\nNjeri was supervised by Prof. Altus Viljoen and\u00a0<\/span>George Mahuku<\/span><\/a>\u00a0from Stellenbosch and IITA, respectively. In October, Janet Njeri\u00a0Kimunye\u00a0successfully defended her thesis: \u201cDistribution and genetic diversity of\u00a0<\/span>Pseudocerospora<\/span><\/i>\u00a0spp. associated with banana Sigatoka diseases in East Africa\u201d and is set to graduate in December.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\n\n
\"Banana
Banana plants showing symptoms of black sigatoka<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\nC<\/span>ommercial farm<\/span>er<\/span>s\u00a0<\/span>manage\u00a0<\/span>black Sigatoka disease by spraying fungicides weekly. However, this method is not suitable for smallholder farmers who represent most banana producers in Africa. Hence, finding banana varieties with resistance to black Sigatoka is the most effective solution for resource-poor farmers.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\n\n\u201d<\/span>Hybrides NARITA<\/span><\/a>\u00a02, 7, 8, 21, and 23, developed through conventional breeding, performed well across sites and had low disease pressure compared to susceptible local checks. These can be provided to farmers for managing black Sigatoka in the region,\u201d sa<\/span>id<\/span>\u00a0Kimunya.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\n\n\u201c<\/span>In addition, we identified the site\u00a0Mitarula\u00a0in Mbeya, Tanzania<\/span>,<\/span>\u00a0as the most ideal and representative site for\u00a0<\/span>le\u00a0<\/span>disease evaluation<\/span>\u00a0and can\u00a0<\/span>save on resources\u00a0<\/span>by reducing multi-location\u00a0<\/span>disease evaluation<\/span>,<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u00a0she adds.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\n
Understanding the pathogen\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/h6>\nThe basis for developing\u00a0<\/span>effective and sustainable disease management strategies is a sound\u00a0<\/span>understanding of the pathogen distribution,\u00a0<\/span>genetic diversity, and population dynamics.\u00a0<\/span>As part of the study, a survey was conducted in five banana-growing regions in Tanzania and Uganda to identify the\u00a0<\/span>Pseudocercospora<\/span><\/i>\u00a0<\/span>spp<\/span><\/i>. associated with Sigatoka leaf spots and determine disease severity.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\n\nSigatoka-like symptoms were present in all localities and on all cultivars. Black Sigatoka caused by\u00a0<\/span>P.\u00a0fijiensis<\/span><\/i>\u00a0was the most predominant species in all areas except Kilimanjaro, where\u00a0<\/span>Mycosphaerella\u00a0musae<\/span><\/i>\u00a0was associated with Sigatoka-like leaf spots. Black Sigatoka was also found more severe in Uganda than in Tanzania.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\n\n
\"Banana
Banana plants showing symptoms
of black sigatoka<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\nFurthermore,\u00a0<\/span>P.\u00a0fijiensis<\/span><\/i>\u00a0<\/span>was detected at altitudes of up to 1877 m above sea level,\u00a0<\/span>suggesting<\/span>\u00a0an expansion in habitat range from the previous threshold of < 1350 m above sea level in East Africa. This expansion into new areas where the pathogen was previously not present is a major threat to the sustainability of banana production in the region.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\n\nGenetic diversity analysis revealed that\u00a0<\/span>P.\u00a0fijiensis<\/span><\/i>\u00a0was reproducing both sexually and asexually. Such pathogens are difficult to manage, as they have a high potential to generate new and virulent strains that can easily overcome introduced resistance genes.<\/span>\u00a0Therefore, breeding programs have to broaden the sources of resistance to stay ahead of the game.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\n\n\u201c<\/span>As the most devastating pathogen,\u00a0<\/span>P<\/span><\/i>.\u00a0<\/span>fijiensis<\/span><\/i>\u00a0is exp<\/span>a<\/span>nding its adaptation ra<\/span>nge to higher elevations<\/span>,\u00a0<\/span>avec<\/span>\u00a0evidence\u00a0<\/span>that previously resistant varieties are turning susceptible<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>I<\/span>t is important to identify new source<\/span>s<\/span>\u00a0of resistance\u00a0<\/span>that can be<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>incorporated into breeding programs<\/span>\u00a0and develop resistant varieties<\/span>. We screen<\/span>\u00e9d.<\/span>\u00a095 banana cultivars and identified\u00a0<\/span>eight<\/span>\u00a0diploids\u00a0<\/span>avec<\/span>\u00a0a similar reaction as the highly resistant Calcutta 4. These can be incorporated into breeding programs to broaden the genetic base of resistance to\u00a0<\/span>P.\u00a0fijiensis<\/span><\/i>, the cause of black\u00a0<\/span>S<\/span>igatoka,<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Kimunya<\/span>\u00a0said.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\n\nKimunya has also co-published two journal articles from this work:\n
    \n \t
  1. Kimunye, J.N.,\u00a0Muzhinji, N., Mostert, D., Viljoen, A.,\u00a0<\/span><\/i>Bester-van der Merwe, A.E.<\/span>,<\/span>\u00a0and\u00a0Mahuku, G. 2020. Genetic Diversity and Mating Type Distribution of\u00a0<\/span>Pseudocercospora\u00a0fijiensis<\/span><\/i>\u00a0on Banana in Uganda and Tanzania. Phytopathology (<\/span><\/li>\n \t
  2. Kimunye, J. N., Were, E., Mussa, F., Tazuba, A., Jomanga, K., Viljoen, A., Swennen, R., Muthoni, F. K., and Mahuku, G. 2019. Distribution of Pseudocercospora species causing Sigatoka leaf diseases of banana in Uganda and Tanzania. Plant Pathology DOI: 10.1111\/ppa.13105\u00a0https:\/\/bsppjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1111\/ppa.13105<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Black leaf Sigatoka, one of the most widespread and damaging banana diseases\u2014causing yield losses of 20\u201350%\u2014is widespread in Uganda and Tanzania, posing a challenge to banana production as bananas grown in East Africa are susceptible to the disease.<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":15277,"template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}}},"tags":[1252],"science-area":[],"program":[],"location":[47],"news-type":[],"hub":[62],"crop":[65],"impact-areas":[],"item-year":[198],"class_list":["post-15276","news-item","type-news-item","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","tag-bill-melinda-gates-foundationblack-sigatokabreeding-better-bananasiita-news-no-2563","location-uganda","hub-eastern-africa","crop-banana","item-year-198"],"yoast_head":"\nStudy identifies banana varieties resistant to black Sigatoka and provides further insights into the disease pathogen - 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