{"id":18253,"date":"2026-06-20T13:03:15","date_gmt":"2026-06-20T13:03:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dev.iita.org\/news-item\/iita-scientist-highlights-advances-in-genome-engineering-to-tackle-food-insecurity-in-africa\/"},"modified":"2026-06-29T16:51:20","modified_gmt":"2026-06-29T16:51:20","slug":"iita-scientist-highlights-advances-in-genome-engineering-to-tackle-food-insecurity-in-africa","status":"publish","type":"news-item","link":"https:\/\/iita.org\/fr\/news-item\/iita-scientist-highlights-advances-in-genome-engineering-to-tackle-food-insecurity-in-africa\/","title":{"rendered":"Un scientifique de l'IITA met en avant les progr\u00e8s de l'ing\u00e9nierie g\u00e9n\u00e9tique pour lutter contre l'ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire en Afrique"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Screenshot<\/a>
Capture d'\u00e9cran de la pr\u00e9sentation.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/p>\n\n\n\n

IITA<\/a>\u2013CGIAR<\/a> a organis\u00e9 un s\u00e9minaire scientifique le 27 ao\u00fbt sur le th\u00e8me \u201c Ing\u00e9nierie du g\u00e9nome des cultures vivri\u00e8res de base africaines \u201d. L'\u00e9v\u00e9nement, anim\u00e9 par le directeur du p\u00f4le Afrique de l'Ouest de l'IITA, Michael Abberton<\/a>, a pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 les travaux de recherche pionniers du sp\u00e9cialiste de la transformation des plantes de l'IITA, Jaindra Tripathi<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans son intervention, M. Tripathi a soulign\u00e9 l\u2019urgence de lutter contre la faim et l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire dans le monde, en particulier en Afrique, o\u00f9 la situation devient de plus en plus critique. Il a not\u00e9 que la faim sur le continent ne cesse d\u2019augmenter depuis 2010, avec environ 61% d\u2019Africains en situation d\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire \u00e0 l\u2019heure actuelle. Il a ajout\u00e9 que 38% des personnes souffrant de la faim dans le monde vivent en Afrique, et que 20% de la population du continent est sous-aliment\u00e9e. Pour aggraver le probl\u00e8me, le co\u00fbt d\u2019une alimentation saine en Afrique a augment\u00e9 de 53% entre 2020 et 2021.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les travaux de recherche de Tripathi portent sur les contraintes de production de la banane, l\u2019une des principales cultures vivri\u00e8res d\u2019Afrique. Il a expliqu\u00e9 que la production de bananes subissait des pertes pouvant atteindre 50% \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle mondiale en raison de maladies d\u00e9vastatrices, telles que la fl\u00e9trissure fusarienne et d\u2019autres agents pathog\u00e8nes. Pour y rem\u00e9dier, son \u00e9quipe a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 des avanc\u00e9es significatives dans le d\u00e9veloppement des technologies de transformation des plantes et d\u2019\u00e9dition du g\u00e9nome afin de relever ces d\u00e9fis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Screenshot<\/a>
Capture d'\u00e9cran de la pr\u00e9sentation.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soulignant ses r\u00e9alisations notables, il a mentionn\u00e9 le d\u00e9veloppement de cellules embryog\u00e8nes de cultivars de bananiers ; la mise en place de syst\u00e8mes de transformation pour les cultures tropicales telles que le bananier, l'igname et le manioc ; l'application d'approches d'\u00e9dition du g\u00e9nome pour produire des bananiers r\u00e9sistants aux maladies ; la g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de mutants, la caract\u00e9risation mol\u00e9culaire et le ph\u00e9notypage des lign\u00e9es modifi\u00e9es ; ainsi que l'expression transitoire de transg\u00e8ne dans les cultures tropicales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tripathi a soulign\u00e9 que ses recherches continuent d'explorer les approches de transg\u00e9n\u00e8se et d'\u00e9dition du g\u00e9nome pour renforcer la r\u00e9silience des cultures. En partageant l'importance de son travail d'\u00e9dition du g\u00e9nome sur des cultures telles que la banane, l'igname et le pois bambara, Tripathi a mentionn\u00e9 que l'\u00e9dition du g\u00e9nome est une solution pr\u00e9cise, puissante et durable aux d\u00e9fis de la production alimentaire. Il a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que des plants de bananiers mutants tol\u00e9rants d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ces technologies sont actuellement multipli\u00e9s en vue d'une \u00e9valuation plus approfondie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour l'avenir, le Dr Tripathi a esquiss\u00e9 une s\u00e9rie d'activit\u00e9s de recherche futures. Pour l'am\u00e9lioration du bananier, il est pr\u00e9vu d'\u00e9valuer des \u00e9v\u00e9nements de bananiers \u00e9dit\u00e9s par g\u00e9nome sans transg\u00e8ne au Kenya et au Rwanda, de mener des essais au champ de lign\u00e9es de bananiers transg\u00e9niques \u00e0 g\u00e8nes multiples, et d'\u00e9valuer la performance des lign\u00e9es \u00e9dit\u00e9es par g\u00e9nome face \u00e0 la fusariose sous des conditions contr\u00f4l\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour am\u00e9liorer l'igname, il est pr\u00e9vu de d\u00e9velopper des vari\u00e9t\u00e9s d'igname de petite taille gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l'\u00e9dition du g\u00e9nome et de s'\u00e9tendre \u00e0 d'autres cultures en \u00e9tablissant des syst\u00e8mes d'\u00e9dition du g\u00e9nome pour le pois bambara, le ni\u00e9b\u00e9, le ma\u00efs et l'enset.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En ce qui concerne le partage des connaissances et le renforcement des capacit\u00e9s, Tripathi pr\u00e9voit de publier ses r\u00e9sultats dans des revues \u00e0 comit\u00e9 de lecture \u00e0 fort impact, de les pr\u00e9senter lors de conf\u00e9rences internationales et de continuer \u00e0 encadrer de jeunes scientifiques ainsi que des \u00e9tudiants en master et en doctorat. Il pr\u00e9voit \u00e9galement de renforcer l'expertise des Syst\u00e8mes nationaux de recherche agricole (SNRA). Il a \u00e9galement soulign\u00e9 l'importance de la mobilisation des ressources et des partenariats pour p\u00e9renniser et \u00e9tendre cette recherche novatrice, faisant remarquer que l'obtention de financements permettra d'acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer les progr\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le s\u00e9minaire a r\u00e9affirm\u00e9 l'engagement de l'IITA \u00e0 exploiter la science de pointe et l'innovation pour contribuer \u00e0 la transformation de l'agriculture africaine et \u00e0 la lutte contre la faim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Contribu\u00e9 par Ochuwa Favour Daramola<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

IITA-CGIAR a organis\u00e9 un s\u00e9minaire scientifique le 27 ao\u00fbt sur le th\u00e8me \u201c Ing\u00e9nierie g\u00e9n\u00e9tique des cultures vivri\u00e8res de base africaines \u201d.\u201d<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":18254,"template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}}},"tags":[],"science-area":[],"program":[104],"location":[28],"news-type":[],"hub":[62],"crop":[],"impact-areas":[],"item-year":[203],"class_list":["post-18253","news-item","type-news-item","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","program-biotechnology","location-kenya","hub-eastern-africa","item-year-203"],"yoast_head":"\nIITA scientist highlights advances in genome engineering to tackle food insecurity in Africa - 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