{"id":18311,"date":"2026-06-20T13:04:20","date_gmt":"2026-06-20T13:04:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dev.iita.org\/news-item\/exploring-the-future-of-plant-science\/"},"modified":"2026-06-29T16:49:12","modified_gmt":"2026-06-29T16:49:12","slug":"exploring-the-future-of-plant-science","status":"publish","type":"news-item","link":"https:\/\/iita.org\/fr\/news-item\/exploring-the-future-of-plant-science\/","title":{"rendered":"Explorer l'avenir de la science v\u00e9g\u00e9tale"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Cowpea
Champ de multiplication de semences de ni\u00e9b\u00e9 \u00e0 Good Nature Seed Company Limited. (Cr\u00e9dit photo : Jonathan Odhong \u2013 IITA)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 une \u00e9poque o\u00f9 les d\u00e9fis de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire, du changement climatique et de l'agriculture durable continuent de d\u00e9finir les priorit\u00e9s mondiales, les acteurs du secteur des sciences v\u00e9g\u00e9tales se sont r\u00e9unis pour un mini-symposium captivant qui a offert un aper\u00e7u approfondi de la mani\u00e8re dont l'innovation en mati\u00e8re de sciences v\u00e9g\u00e9tales et de recherche peut fa\u00e7onner l'avenir de l'agriculture et des syst\u00e8mes alimentaires en Afrique et au-del\u00e0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le mini-symposium hybride ayant pour th\u00e8me : \u201cScience et innovation v\u00e9g\u00e9tales \u2013 Faire le lien entre la d\u00e9couverte et l'application<\/em>\u201d, un \u00e9v\u00e9nement parall\u00e8le de la r\u00e9union du projet Cassava Source Sink (CASS), organis\u00e9 par IITA-CGIAR, a r\u00e9uni des \u00e9tudiants, des chercheurs et des scientifiques de tous les p\u00f4les de l'IITA ainsi que des donateurs. Sept \u00e9minents conf\u00e9renciers ont, \u00e0 travers leurs diff\u00e9rentes pr\u00e9sentations, offert un aper\u00e7u de la mani\u00e8re dont les avanc\u00e9es technologiques et les innovations ont eu un impact sur la science v\u00e9g\u00e9tale, en mettant en lumi\u00e8re les tournants cl\u00e9s, les perspectives et une compr\u00e9hension approfondie de la r\u00e9glementation sur la sant\u00e9 des plantes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uwe Sonnewald, le pr\u00e9sident de biochimie \u00e0 l'Universit\u00e9 Friedrich-Alexander d'Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), a mis en lumi\u00e8re les m\u00e9canismes g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques qui sous-tendent la tol\u00e9rance \u00e0 la chaleur chez les pommes de terre. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que les g\u00e9notypes tol\u00e9rants pr\u00e9sentaient une tub\u00e9risation pr\u00e9coce et une forte expression de SELF-PRUNING 6A (SP6A), un g\u00e8ne cl\u00e9 de la tub\u00e9risation, et que la tol\u00e9rance \u00e0 la chaleur est associ\u00e9e \u00e0 une expression r\u00e9duite des g\u00e8nes de d\u00e9fense tels que la terp\u00e8ne synthase. Compte tenu du changement climatique et de l'ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire mondiale, la compr\u00e9hension de la g\u00e9n\u00e9tique de la tol\u00e9rance \u00e0 la chaleur est essentielle pour une agriculture durable en Afrique subsaharienne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wolfgand Zierer, un chercheur senior de l'Universit\u00e9 Friedrich-Alexander d'Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg (FAU), a expliqu\u00e9 en termes simples comment les concepts biotechnologiques sont test\u00e9s chez le manioc. Les id\u00e9es sont identifi\u00e9es, introduites dans des constructions d'ADN, transform\u00e9es et test\u00e9es sur le terrain. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 cette approche, plusieurs g\u00e8nes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 test\u00e9s, suivis d'une mesure ph\u00e9notypique cibl\u00e9e. Wolfgang et ses coll\u00e8gues, dont les recherches se concentrent sur l'am\u00e9lioration de la relation source-puits, ont mis en \u00e9vidence le r\u00f4le favorable d'ATK2, un g\u00e8ne v\u00e9g\u00e9tal codant pour une prot\u00e9ine motrice de type kin\u00e9sine, dans l'allocation du carbone, ainsi que son impact sur les tissus soumis \u00e0 un stress hydrique. La preuve d'un chargement phlo\u00e9mien symplasmique a \u00e9t\u00e9 soulign\u00e9e. La compr\u00e9hension et la manipulation des relations source-puits peuvent augmenter l'efficacit\u00e9 de la capture du carbone (la source), de sa conversion en sucre et de son transport par le syst\u00e8me vasculaire jusqu'\u00e0 la racine (le puits), o\u00f9 le sucre est converti et stock\u00e9. Cela permettra d'augmenter le rendement racinaire de la plante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le ph\u00e9notypage de terrain, tel que pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par Onner Muller, chef adjoint du ph\u00e9notypage de terrain au centre de recherche Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich, est une pierre angulaire de l'agriculture durable. L'utilisation croissante du ph\u00e9notypage \u00e0 haut d\u00e9bit et des plateformes robotis\u00e9es am\u00e9liorera consid\u00e9rablement l'efficacit\u00e9 et la qualit\u00e9 de la collecte des donn\u00e9es, ce qui se traduira par une plus grande pr\u00e9cision dans l'\u00e9valuation des cultures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Conservation
Essais d'agriculture de conservation pour l'association de cultures ma\u00efs-l\u00e9gumineuses et les rotations ma\u00efs-l\u00e9gumineuses (Cr\u00e9dit photo : Jonathan Odhong \u2013 IITA)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c Pour combler le d\u00e9ficit de production, l'\u00e9dition g\u00e9n\u00e9tique est essentielle pour les cultures de base importantes, en particulier en Afrique subsaharienne \u201d, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Leena Tripathi, responsable du programme de biotechnologie \u00e0 l'IITA et directrice du p\u00f4le de l'IITA pour l'Afrique de l'Est. \u00c0 l'IITA, ces technologies sont mises en \u0153uvre pour d\u00e9velopper des vari\u00e9t\u00e9s de cultures sup\u00e9rieures, notamment le pois bambara, le riz, les tomates, les bananes et les ignames. Les bananes ont enregistr\u00e9 les plus grands progr\u00e8s, avec un accent mis sur les ravageurs et les maladies et des r\u00e9sultats prometteurs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'am\u00e9lioration des cultures est un catalyseur pour transformer le syst\u00e8me agroalimentaire. La modernisation des programmes de s\u00e9lection est donc essentielle pour r\u00e9pondre aux besoins changeants des utilisateurs finaux, a not\u00e9 Hapson Mushoriwa, responsable de la s\u00e9lection \u00e0 l'IITA. Comme en t\u00e9moignent les nombreuses vari\u00e9t\u00e9s am\u00e9lior\u00e9es diffus\u00e9es, le succ\u00e8s de l'IITA a \u00e9t\u00e9 stimul\u00e9 par des innovations op\u00e9rationnelles, l'int\u00e9gration d'outils et de technologies modernes, des techniques de s\u00e9lection avanc\u00e9es et la mise en \u0153uvre syst\u00e9matique de meilleures pratiques pour optimiser l'\u00e9quation de l'obtenteur et les sch\u00e9mas de s\u00e9lection. Des partenariats strat\u00e9giques, les capacit\u00e9s humaines et biophysiques, ainsi que l'adaptabilit\u00e9 aux changements constants ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 des facteurs cl\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comprendre le cadre r\u00e9glementaire de la sant\u00e9 des v\u00e9g\u00e9taux est crucial pour le d\u00e9ploiement s\u00fbr, efficace et responsable des innovations agricoles. Le responsable du programme sur la sant\u00e9 des v\u00e9g\u00e9taux, Lava Kumar, a parl\u00e9 des diff\u00e9rentes r\u00e9glementations en place et de la mani\u00e8re dont l'unit\u00e9 de la sant\u00e9 des v\u00e9g\u00e9taux, qui op\u00e8re dans plusieurs pays, supervise toutes les op\u00e9rations relatives \u00e0 la sant\u00e9 des plantes. Selon Kumar, l'unit\u00e9 supervise le mouvement du germoplasme \u00e0 l'IITA et garantit le respect de toutes les r\u00e9glementations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les discussions ont port\u00e9 sur la mani\u00e8re dont les syst\u00e8mes int\u00e9gr\u00e9s de sant\u00e9 des semences g\u00e9n\u00e8rent des mat\u00e9riels de plantation de haute qualit\u00e9 en grande quantit\u00e9 et sur les capacit\u00e9s de diagnostic de l'unit\u00e9 de sant\u00e9 de l'IITA, qui vont des m\u00e9thodes traditionnelles aux plus avanc\u00e9es. Une strat\u00e9gie fond\u00e9e sur la nature pour la gestion durable des ravageurs est \u00e9galement int\u00e9gr\u00e9e au programme. D'autres strat\u00e9gies envisag\u00e9es comprennent l'interf\u00e9rence par ARN (ARNi) pour la gestion des ravageurs et la distribution de pr\u00e9cision des pesticides.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les donateurs sont essentiels \u00e0 l'avenir de la science v\u00e9g\u00e9tale. Les ressources financi\u00e8res permettent l'innovation, soutiennent la recherche \u00e0 long terme pour relever les d\u00e9fis mondiaux urgents et comblent le foss\u00e9 entre la science et la soci\u00e9t\u00e9. Brigitte Weston, directrice du d\u00e9veloppement des produits pour Gate Ag One, a parl\u00e9 des priorit\u00e9s de l'organisation, qui comprennent l'acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration de la recherche dans des domaines importants tels que la photosynth\u00e8se fixatrice de carbone, la protection des rendements, l'assimilation et le transport du carbone, ainsi que la symbiose bact\u00e9rienne fixatrice de carbone. L'organisation se concentre sur les petits agriculteurs qui ont le plus besoin d'innovations et s'efforce de garantir que les produits atteignent les march\u00e9s locaux. Les six cultures suivantes sont \u00e9rig\u00e9es en priorit\u00e9 : le soja, le ma\u00efs, le sorgho, le riz et le manioc. Elle a soulign\u00e9 l'importance des partenariats avec des acteurs cl\u00e9s, notamment les institutions acad\u00e9miques, les organisations internationales, les chercheurs, le gouvernement, les organisations non gouvernementales, les r\u00e9gulateurs et les acteurs du march\u00e9 pour atteindre ces objectifs. L'Alliance pour l'am\u00e9lioration du ni\u00e9b\u00e9 en Afrique (ACIA), le contr\u00f4le de l'aleurode du manioc (CWC), la facilitation des symbioses nutritionnelles en agriculture (ENSA) et la r\u00e9alisation d'une efficacit\u00e9 photosynth\u00e9tique accrue (RIPE) ne sont que quelques-unes de leurs collaborations actuelles. Deux projets de l'IITA : Cassava Source Sink (CASS) et l'efficacit\u00e9 photosynth\u00e9tique accrue du manioc gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la mise en \u0153uvre d'une d\u00e9rivation de la photor\u00e9spiration carbone-n\u00e9gative (TaCoCass) sont actuellement financ\u00e9s par Gate Ag One.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le potentiel agricole de l'Afrique est immense. Investir dans la recherche, l'adoption d'outils et de technologies modernes, la mise \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle et l'acc\u00e8s aux technologies sont essentiels pour b\u00e2tir des syst\u00e8mes alimentaires adaptatifs et durables. Le symposium a servi de plateforme aux \u00e9tudiants et aux jeunes chercheurs pour dialoguer directement avec des experts mondiaux, \u00e9changer des id\u00e9es et acqu\u00e9rir des perspectives sur la navigation dans le paysage en \u00e9volution de la science v\u00e9g\u00e9tale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alors que le symposium touchait \u00e0 sa fin, un sentiment renouvel\u00e9 d'engagement est apparu, affirmant que les avanc\u00e9es de la science v\u00e9g\u00e9tale doivent continuer \u00e0 combler le foss\u00e9 entre le laboratoire et le terrain, garantissant que chaque d\u00e9couverte contribue \u00e0 un avenir plus s\u00fbr sur le plan alimentaire et adapt\u00e9 au climat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/em>Contribu\u00e9 par Edwige Gaby-Nkouaya Mbanjo et \u2019Timilehin Osunde<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00c0 une \u00e9poque o\u00f9 les d\u00e9fis de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire, du changement climatique et de l'agriculture durable continuent de d\u00e9finir les priorit\u00e9s mondiales, les acteurs du secteur des sciences v\u00e9g\u00e9tales se sont r\u00e9unis pour un mini-symposium captivant<\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":18312,"template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}}},"tags":[2731],"science-area":[],"program":[],"location":[32],"news-type":[],"hub":[61],"crop":[],"impact-areas":[],"item-year":[203],"class_list":["post-18311","news-item","type-news-item","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","tag-biotechnologybreedingclimate-smart-agriculturefood-systemsiita-news-no-2813partnershipsplant-healthseed-systems","location-nigeria","hub-western-africa","item-year-203"],"yoast_head":"\nExploring the future of plant science - 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