{"id":31881,"date":"2026-07-22T08:15:45","date_gmt":"2026-07-22T08:15:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dev.iita.org\/?post_type=news-item&p=31881"},"modified":"2026-08-06T16:48:54","modified_gmt":"2026-08-06T16:48:54","slug":"how-nematodes-are-limiting-productivity-in-yam-farms-across-ghana","status":"publish","type":"news-item","link":"https:\/\/iita.org\/fr\/news-item\/how-nematodes-are-limiting-productivity-in-yam-farms-across-ghana\/","title":{"rendered":"Comment les n\u00e9matodes limitent la productivit\u00e9 dans les fermes d'igname \u00e0 travers le Ghana"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Yam
Maladies de l'igname pendant le stockage, (a) igname malade pr\u00e9sentant des craquelures et des taches brun fonc\u00e9 sous la peau ; (b) sympt\u00f4mes de pourriture s\u00e8che et jaunissement sous la peau.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

En Afrique de l'Ouest, la production d'igname est bien plus qu'une activit\u00e9 agricole. C'est un syst\u00e8me profond\u00e9ment ancr\u00e9 qui fait vivre des millions de personnes, fa\u00e7onne les \u00e9conomies rurales et renforce l'identit\u00e9 culturelle. Partout dans la r\u00e9gion, l'igname occupe une place centrale non seulement dans les syst\u00e8mes alimentaires, mais aussi dans les traditions sociales, les rituels culturels et les cycles saisonniers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans ce paysage, le Ghana a \u00e9merg\u00e9 comme un acteur cl\u00e9, associant un savoir-faire autochtone s\u00e9culaire \u00e0 une participation croissante au march\u00e9 pour devenir l'un des acteurs les plus influents de l'\u00e9conomie mondiale de l'igname. Alors que le Nigeria domine la production globale, le Ghana s'est forg\u00e9 une place de choix en tant qu'exportateur de premier plan, reliant les petits agriculteurs aux march\u00e9s internationaux et positionnant l'igname \u00e0 la fois comme culture de subsistance et comme produit strat\u00e9gique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce double r\u00f4le souligne l'importance plus large de la culture : l'igname constitue une source essentielle de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire pour des millions de petits exploitants tout en ancrant des cha\u00eenes de valeur qui s'\u00e9tendent au-del\u00e0 des communaut\u00e9s locales pour atteindre les r\u00e9seaux commerciaux mondiaux.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ensemble, ces dynamiques soulignent que la production d'igname constitue un carrefour essentiel entre tradition, r\u00e9silience des moyens de subsistance et transformation \u00e9conomique en Afrique de l'Ouest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, alors que les ignames du Ghana se dirigent vers des march\u00e9s haut de gamme, la production d'igname par les petits agriculteurs est entrav\u00e9e par plusieurs d\u00e9fis, notamment les pertes post-r\u00e9colte dues aux n\u00e9matodes de l'igname. Pour enqu\u00eater sur l'\u00e9tat de l'infestation par les n\u00e9matodes, les pratiques de gestion et d'autres facteurs socio-\u00e9conomiques contribuant \u00e0 la production d'igname dans le pays, un \u00e9tudier<\/u><\/a> intitul\u00e9 : \u201cLes n\u00e9matodes de l'igname comme contrainte de production au Ghana<\/em>\u201d a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que les agriculteurs n'atteignent que 20% de leur rendement potentiel. Cela s'explique par le fait que la plupart d'entre eux ignoraient l'existence d'un ver microscopique, connu sous le nom de n\u00e9matode de l'igname (Scutellonema<\/em> spp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Yam
Installations de stockage des ignames utilis\u00e9es par les agriculteurs interrog\u00e9s, (a) stockage dans les fermes ; (b) hangar \u00e0 ignames.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Alors que de nombreux agriculteurs ont d\u00e9clar\u00e9 avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 confront\u00e9s \u00e0 des ravageurs et \u00e0 des maladies, environ 77% des 150 producteurs d\u2019ignames s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9s dans sept districts producteurs d\u2019ignames dans le cadre de l\u2019enqu\u00eate de terrain ignoraient que les infestations de n\u00e9matodes dans leurs exploitations constituaient des ravageurs causant des d\u00e9g\u00e2ts aux tubercules.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Au cours de l'\u00e9tude, 12 genres de n\u00e9matodes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9s dans les sols de la rhizosph\u00e8re de l'igname dans les sept districts. Tylenchus<\/em> spp. (35.5%) et Scutellonema<\/em> spp. (92.8%) \u00e9taient les plus<\/p>\n\n\n\n

n\u00e9matodes abondants dans les \u00e9chantillons de sol et les peaux de tubercules, respectivement, tandis que le deuxi\u00e8me plus \u00e9lev\u00e9<\/p>\n\n\n\n

n\u00e9matode dans les pelures de tubercules \u00e9tait Meloidogyne<\/em> spp. (4,0%).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon l'\u00e9tude, les n\u00e9matodes comme Scutellonema bradys<\/em>, provoquent la pourriture s\u00e8che en se nourrissant \u00e0 l'int\u00e9rieur des tubercules d'igname, et leurs cons\u00e9quences vont bien au-del\u00e0 des rendements. \u00c0 mesure que les parasites se nourrissent et se multiplient, ils provoquent des fissures profondes et des l\u00e9sions qui d\u00e9gradent gravement la qualit\u00e9 des ignames produites. Ces dommages n\u2019apparaissent qu\u2019apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9colte, et les ignames, une fois mises en stock, commencent \u00e0 se d\u00e9composer rapidement, entra\u00eenant ainsi des pertes post-r\u00e9colte pouvant atteindre 63%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les chercheurs de IITA<\/u><\/a>\u2013CGIAR<\/u><\/a> et le Universit\u00e9 du Ghana<\/u><\/a> ont constat\u00e9 que les pratiques traditionnelles, telles que la r\u00e9utilisation de petits morceaux de tubercules conserv\u00e9s comme semences de la r\u00e9colte pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente et le stockage des ignames dans des granges mal ventil\u00e9es, contribuent \u00e0 la propagation des n\u00e9matodes. De plus, les femmes, qui ont souvent un acc\u00e8s moindre \u00e0 la terre et aux ressources, sont particuli\u00e8rement vuln\u00e9rables \u00e0 ces pertes. Selon l'\u00e9tude, lorsque des tubercules infect\u00e9s sont replant\u00e9s, cela cr\u00e9e un cycle sans fin o\u00f9 une r\u00e9colte infest\u00e9e conduit \u00e0 des semences infest\u00e9es et o\u00f9 le parasite persiste.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alors que la plupart des agriculteurs ignorent toujours le v\u00e9ritable coupable derri\u00e8re la baisse des r\u00e9coltes et le pourrissement des tubercules.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Plus de 77% d'agriculteurs interrog\u00e9s dans le cadre de cette \u00e9tude ne consid\u00e9raient pas les n\u00e9matodes comme une menace, et plus de 60% ont signal\u00e9 d'importantes pertes de stockage, accompagn\u00e9es de sympt\u00f4mes tels que des fissures, une d\u00e9coloration et la pourriture de leurs ignames.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Identifiant les pratiques qui conduisent au recyclage des n\u00e9matodes dans leurs exploitations, l'\u00e9tude recommande des pratiques agricoles pour lutter contre ces d\u00e9fis et mieux g\u00e9rer les pertes apr\u00e8s r\u00e9colte dans la culture de l'igname dans la r\u00e9gion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

De la formation des agriculteurs qui les aidera \u00e0 identifier et \u00e0 g\u00e9rer les infestations de n\u00e9matodes, en particulier apr\u00e8s la r\u00e9colte, jusqu'\u00e0 l'am\u00e9lioration du mat\u00e9riel v\u00e9g\u00e9tal qui contribuera \u00e0 briser le cycle de l'infection, les chercheurs ont \u00e9galement recommand\u00e9 de soutenir les femmes agricultrices et de renforcer les politiques visant \u00e0 promouvoir une agriculture durable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En donnant aux agriculteurs les connaissances n\u00e9cessaires pour am\u00e9liorer leurs pratiques agricoles et de stockage et en contribuant aux syst\u00e8mes semenciers par le d\u00e9veloppement de vari\u00e9t\u00e9s r\u00e9sistantes qui approvisionneront le syst\u00e8me semencier de l'igname, le Ghana peut commencer \u00e0 combler son d\u00e9ficit de rendement et \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger sa culture la plus importante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L'\u00e9tude met en \u00e9vidence le besoin imp\u00e9ratif de s'attaquer au probl\u00e8me des n\u00e9matodes pour prot\u00e9ger l'industrie ghan\u00e9enne de l'igname. Cela permettra d'augmenter les revenus des agriculteurs et de pr\u00e9server le statut culturel de ces cultures. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des efforts coordonn\u00e9s entre agriculteurs, scientifiques et d\u00e9cideurs politiques, l'espoir est permis de voir l'industrie de l'igname au Ghana, ainsi que les communaut\u00e9s qui en d\u00e9pendent, prosp\u00e9rer \u00e0 nouveau.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In West Africa, yam production is far more than an agricultural activity. It is a deeply embedded system that sustains […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":31882,"template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}}},"tags":[2898,233,2904,486,2903,2902,2900,406],"science-area":[],"program":[109],"location":[44],"news-type":[],"hub":[61],"crop":[71],"impact-areas":[],"item-year":[],"class_list":["post-31881","news-item","type-news-item","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","tag-food-security","tag-ghana","tag-iita-news-no-2849","tag-nematodes","tag-plant-health","tag-policy-makers","tag-smallholder-farmers","tag-yam","program-plant-health","location-ghana","hub-western-africa","crop-yam"],"yoast_head":"\nHow nematodes are limiting productivity in yam farms across Ghana - IITA<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/iita.org\/fr\/news-item\/how-nematodes-are-limiting-productivity-in-yam-farms-across-ghana\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How nematodes are limiting productivity in yam farms across Ghana - IITA\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In West Africa, yam production is far more than an agricultural activity. 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