Dans les hautes terres d'Afrique de l'Est, environ 20% de la production mondiale de bananes sont r\u00e9colt\u00e9es sur une superficie d'environ 5 millions d'hectares. La plupart de ces bananes sont des bananes plantains des hautes terres (matooke et mchare) et constituent un aliment de base pour des millions d'agriculteurs, avec une consommation annuelle par habitant estim\u00e9e entre 250 et 600 kg. Les rendements atteignent environ 30 % de leur potentiel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
La culture de la banane est confront\u00e9e \u00e0 d'importants d\u00e9fis li\u00e9s aux ravageurs, aux maladies et au stress environnemental, ce qui entra\u00eene une baisse des rendements et une dur\u00e9e de vie r\u00e9duite des plantations. Parmi les principaux ravageurs figurent les charan\u00e7ons et les n\u00e9matodes, tandis que des maladies telles que le fl\u00e9trissement bact\u00e9rien, la Sigatoka noire, le fl\u00e9trissement fusarien et le virus du \u00ab bunchy top \u00bb causent de lourdes pertes. La pauvret\u00e9 des sols, la s\u00e9cheresse et la chaleur nuisent \u00e9galement \u00e0 la production. La meilleure solution consiste \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper des hybrides de bananiers plus robustes, r\u00e9sistants aux maladies et tol\u00e9rants au climat afin d\u2019augmenter les rendements de mani\u00e8re durable. Le programme vise \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer la production et la productivit\u00e9 de la banane en Tanzanie et en Ouganda, gr\u00e2ce au d\u00e9veloppement et \u00e0 la mise \u00e0 disposition de vari\u00e9t\u00e9s hybrides de bananes qui devraient offrir un rendement sup\u00e9rieur de 30% par rapport aux vari\u00e9t\u00e9s actuellement cultiv\u00e9es par les agriculteurs dans les m\u00eames conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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