A vital research program that has already had significant impact on the lives of African farmers will accelerate its work for their benefit, thanks to new funding from one of the world’s most important philanthropic organizations, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. The research also marks the forging of a strong, new partnership between the developing world’s premier research organizations dedicated to improving the livelihoods of farm families who rely on maize—the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) and the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA).
The two centers will team with research partners in 11 of Africa’s most maize-dependent and drought-affected countries.
More than a quarter of a billion Africans depend on maize as their staple food, often eating a quarter kilo or more of maize and maize products every day. Any disruption in the supply of maize, either at the farm level or to the markets, has destructive consequences for the most vulnerable. Unpredictable rainfall, recurring drought, and loss of soil fertility have all made the maize harvests in Africa uncertain. Today, many farm families cannot grow enough food to last the year and do not have income to buy food. Accepting donated food aid is often the only way to survive. This robs families of their dignity and shackles development.
For more than a decade, CIMMYT and IITA, working in cooperation with a wide range of partners in countries throughout sub-Saharan Africa, have been developing solutions, in particular maize that can produce even during drought, for farm families who depend on maize for their food security and livelihoods. Farmers themselves participate in the breeding process, providing l and for test plots and screening, and scoring potential new varieties. Thanks to the combined efforts of national agricultural research systems, nongovernment organizations, and seed companies in several African nations, up to a million hectares are now sown to new, drought-tolerant varieties, giving farmers a 25–30% boost in yield.
But there is much more potential to be realized for farmers in the region, potential that can raise farm families from below subsistence to annual surplus. That will give them the option to sell surpluses to the rapidly growing urban markets or to devote some of their l and to other crops, in particular crops which contribute to restoring soil fertility and enhancing incomes. In either case, the farmer’s overall risk is lessened and life and livelihoods improved.
“With every year of research that we do now and in the future, we can add to a drought-affected field another 100 kg of maize,” says Marianne Bänziger, Director of CIMMYT’s Global Maize Program, “That means more maize for farming families to eat or sell when conditions are toughest.” CIMMYT and IITA will combine their expertise in working with maize farmers in varying agroecologies across the continent and will draw from the genetic resources (maize seeds) held in their two substantial germplasm banks to make this research program truly pan-African.
The vision of the new work is to generate maize varieties which are much hardier when drought hits. Doubling the yield of adapted maize varieties under drought is the ambitious goal for the next 10 years and is possible because of the huge, natural, genetic variation in maize and new scientific methods that permit better use of this variation. New varieties of drought-tolerant maize will play a significant part in mitigating the potentially disastrous consequences for the crop that could result from global warming.
“The importance of this work to sub-Saharan Africa and its people cannot be overemphasized,” says Romano Kiome, Permanent Secretary to the Ministry of Agriculture of Kenya. “It is heartening that the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation has recognized it and sees the long-term vision of this project as part of their strategy to help Africa’s development.”
CIMMYT and IITA will continue to use both participatory breeding strategies and drought-stress screening, combined with the new techniques of marker-assisted selection, to improve the efficiency of breeding. The scientists will also analyze bottlenecks in seed systems and identify high-priority areas for future poverty-reducing investments. Finally, work will greatly exp and partnerships with national agricultural research systems, nongovernment organizations, seed companies, and other development initiatives in the region to ensure positive impacts for resource-poor farmers.
For more information please contact:
David Mowbray
Head, Corporate Communications
CIMMYT
Tel: 52 55 5804 7668 (Mex)
Cell: 52 55 3384 0815 (Mex)
Cell: 0734 343 523 (Nairobi)
d.mowbray@cgiar.org
Wilfred Mwangi
Project Leader
CIMMYT Nairobi
Tel: 254-20-7224600
w.mwangi@cgiar.org
Paula Bramel
Deputy Director General
Research for Development
IITA Dar es Salaam
Tel: 255-754-781318
p.bramel@cgiar.org
Contributed by
Recent stories